There is a reciprocal relationship between residential segregation and segregated schools. Federal housing policy and historical patterns of housing segregation have created stark divides between wealthy, largely white communities with high property values and predominantly minority communities with more limited resources. Due to the local nature of school funding, communities with higher property value can generate more funding for schools, leading to more comprehensive educational resources and higher test scores, which in turn drives up the price of homes in the school district. In this way the socioeconomic and racial divisions between neighborhoods and schools perpetuate themselves in a vicious cycle. Just as residential and school segregation are mutually reinforcing, so too are the effects of residential and school integration. Children attending integrated schools are more likely to live in integrated neighborhoods as adults, and send their own children to integrated schools. The effects are reciprocal, working positively in both directions, as Professor Roslyn Mickelson demonstrates compellingly in her NCSD Research Brief, The Reciprocal Relationship Between Housing and School Integration
PRRAC works to both integrate residential areas and support community-led efforts to integrate schools by race and socioeconomic status in order to break the cycle of mutually-reinforcing housing and school-based segregation.
PRRAC Publications and Resources
- Housing and Educational Opportunity: Characteristics of Local Schools Near Families with Federal Housing Assistance (Ingrid Gould Ellen and Keren Horn, July 2018)
- Field Report: Deconstructing Segregation in Syracuse? (May 2018)
- Jennifer Miyake-Trapp, Changing the Perception of Pasadena Unified School District Through an Innovative Realtor Outreach Program (PRRAC, May 2018)
- Philip Tegeler and Michael Hilton, Disrupting the Reciprocal Relationship between Housing and School Segregation (Joint Center for Housing Studies, November 2017)
- Department of Housing & Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research, “Breaking Down Barriers: Housing, Neighborhoods, and Schools of Opportunity” (April 2016)|
- Linking Housing and School Integration Policy Brief (PRRAC and NCSD, March 2015)
- Linking Housing and School Integration Policy: What Federal, State, and Local Governance Can Do (January 2015)
- Do Federally Assisted Households Have Access to High Performing Public Schools? (prepared for the Poverty Race and Research Action Council by Ingrid Gould Ellen and Keren Mertens Horn, Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy at New York University, November 2012)
- Finding Common Ground: Coordinating Housing and Education Policy to Promote Integration (PRRAC/NCSD, October 2011)
- New Homes, New Neighborhoods, New Schools: A Progress Report on the Baltimore Housing Mobility Program by Lora Engdahl (PRRAC and the Baltimore Regional Housing Campaign, October 2009)
- Bringing Children Together: Magnet Schools and Public Housing Redevelopment (PRRAC, 2009)
- Coordinating Housing and Education Policy to Support Racial and Economic Integration: a February 3, 2011 Roundtable at HUD. In early 2011, PRRAC convened officials from the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Department of Education, and the Department of Justice to explore ways in which the two agencies might work collaboratively to advance school and housing integration, recognizing that these two systems interact in highly interdependent ways.
Other Resources
- Briefing Report: Public Education Funding Inequity: In an Era of Increasing Concentration of Poverty and Resegregation (US Commission on Civil Rights, January 2018) – includes chapter on “How Housing Policy Impact Educational Opportunity,”
- HUD-ED-DOT Joint Letter on Diverse Schools and Communities (June 2016)
- Confronting School and Housing Segregation in the Richmond Region (2017)
- HUD Housing-Schools Report Breaking Down Barriers: Housing, Neighborhoods, and Schools of Opportunity (May 2016)
